Foot and ankle disorders occur as a result of injuries or degenerative changes in the joints, ligaments, tendons and bone structures. Sprains, osteoarthritis, heel spurs and tendon injuries are among the most common problems. Pain and loss of function are the main symptoms.

Ankle sprains frequently occur after sudden movements or sports injuries. Excessive stretching or tearing of the ligaments leads to swelling, bruising and restricted movement in the joint. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment prevent chronic instability and recurrent injuries.

Foot conditions also include problems such as heel spur, flatfoot, bunion and ingrown toenail. These disorders affect walking comfort and may lead to postural disorders in the long term. Custom-made insoles and proper footwear selection are important.

The treatment of foot and ankle pain includes medications, physical therapy, orthopedic supports and surgical procedures. While conservative treatment is sufficient in mild cases, surgical intervention may be required in severe ligament injuries or advanced joint damage.